Abstract: Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles containing DNA, RNA, proteins, and many other cellular components. The miRNAs in exosomes are protected from degradation by ribonucleases thus mediate intercellular information exchange, and further involved in many physiological or pathological processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxidative damage and neovascularization. Exosomal miRNAs in the eye come from a wide range of sources and are differentially expressed in many ophthalmic diseases, thus having an important regulatory role in ophthalmic disease development and progression. Therefore, the study of exosomal miRNAs is expected to provide new targets for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases and provide experimental basis for the development of new drugs. This article reviewed the research progress of exosomal miRNAs in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  29-34)

Key words: exosomes, miRNA, ophthalmic diseases